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The visa policy of Australia deals with the requirements which a foreign national wishing to enter Australia must meet to obtain a visa, which is a permit to travel to, enter and remain in the country.〔(s.29 Migration Act 1958 )〕 Visa rules are set out in the ''Migration Act 1958'' and the ''Migration Regulations'', which are administered by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection. Australia maintains a universal visa regime, meaning that every non-citizen in Australia must have a visa, either as a result of an application, or one granted automatically by law. As of 2015 there is no intention to provide visa free access for any country,〔(Doubts over Indonesia's plans to scrap tourist visa for Australians )〕 however Australia gives a visitor visa exemption to: * citizens of one of the 36 eVisitor or 9 Electronic Travel Authority (ETA) eligible countries, * citizens of New Zealand, under the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement, or * visitors eligible for visa-free travel under other laws such as Special purpose visa. In addition to the citizens of 45 eVisitor and ETA eligible countries and the citizens of New Zealand who may need to apply for a Visitor visa, the citizens of all other countries may apply for the Visitor visa online, except citizens of 4 ineligible countries. Citizens of 34 countries are officially considered low risk.〔(Electronic Travel Authority (subclass 601) - Eligible passports )〕 Recent changes in visa procedures mean that almost all visas (including permanent residency visas) are issued electronically by default, unless if a label is required (for example to board an airplane). That means that a visa is not normally endorsed on the passport but confirmation of approval is provided. ==Visa types== There is a large range of visas that may be applied for, for a variety of purposes, including:〔(Visa listing )〕〔(Information for Visitors )〕〔(Fees and charges for visas )〕 * Visitor visa - for people who need to come to Australia for a short duration for tourism or business purposes. They are issued for visits up to 3, 6 or 12 months, except for Chinese citizens who are issued 10-year multiple entry visas.〔(Visitor visa (subclass 600) )〕〔(Visas for Chinese tourists: Mainland Chinese enthused about longer visas included in FTA )〕〔(New China visa set to boost visitor numbers )〕 *Transit visa (subclass 771)1 - for people who wish to transit through Australia and who do not qualify for transit without a visa or people travelling to Australia to join a vessel as crew.〔(Transit Visa (Subclass 771) )〕 *Medical treatment (subclass 602)2 - for people to have medical treatment or medical consultations, donate an organ or support the person who is having medical treatment in Australia but not to have medical treatment for surrogate motherhood.〔(Medical Treatment Visa (Subclass 602) )〕 *Working holiday visa (subclass 417)1 - for people aged 18 to 30 years of age, who are interested to have an extended holiday while supplementing their funds with short-term work of up to 12 months and who come from Belgium, Canada, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, South Korea, Sweden, Taiwan or the United Kingdom.〔(Working Holiday Visa (Subclass 417) )〕 *Work and holiday visa (subclass 462)1 - for people aged 18 to 30 years of age, who are interested to have an extended holiday while supplementing their funds with short-term work of up to 12 months and who come from Argentina, Bangladesh, Chile, Indonesia, Malaysia, Poland, Portugal, Thailand, Turkey, the USA or Uruguay.〔(Work and Holiday Visa (Subclass 462) )〕 *Higher education sector visa (subclass 573)2 - for people to study a full-time higher education course.〔()〕 *Special program (subclass 416)1 - for people to participate in approved programs that provide opportunities for cultural enrichment and community benefit.〔(Special Program Visa (Subclass 416) )〕 1 – must apply for this visa outside Australia. 2 – can apply for this visa in or outside Australia. * Permanent residency visa - authorises the permanent resident to remain in Australia indefinitely and to work, as well as many other benefits such medical health coverage under Medicare. * Resident Return Visa (RRV) (subclasses 155 and 157) - allows permanent residents to travel to another country and re-enter the Australian migration zone. RRVs allow the holder to re-enter Australia as often as they wish during the validity of the visa. RRVs may be issued with five years' or three months' validity.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.border.gov.au/Trav/Visa-1/155- )〕 * Special Category Visa - issued under the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement to citizens of New Zealand who present a valid New Zealand passport and authorises the holder to enter Australia, live and work indefinitely. The visa is subject to the following conditions: no criminal convictions, no untreated tuberculosis and have not been deported, excluded or removed from any country. The visa is given on arrival at any Australian port, unless they already hold another type of Australian visa.〔(Special Category visa (subclass 444) )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.border.gov.au/about/corporate/information/fact-sheets/17nz )〕 * Permanent Resident of Norfolk Island visa (PRNIV) - permanent residents of Norfolk Island may apply for a PRNIV at an Australian airport.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.border.gov.au/about/corporate/information/fact-sheets/59norfolk )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Visa policy of Australia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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